Examples Of Hypocrisy In The Adventures Of Huck Finn

How has man’s inhumanity towards man shaped society? Man’s inhumanity towards man has played a profound role in humans throughout history. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huck Finn is an example of him using satire to reach his readers denouncing slavery and religious hypocrisy giving examples of man’s inhumanity towards man. His main objective in using satire in Huck Finn was to protest the evil practices that were so frequent in the Frontier. By using satire this made it more appealing and enjoyable for readers and hopefully more effective in his attempt to change society. Twain depicted it under different forms like slavery and violence, certain targets of his satire were swindling, materialism, and drunkenness. Some of these were†¦show more content†¦But it warn t so. I tried it (Twain 8). His view of religion continues to deteriorate through Christian’s view of slavery. Slavery was the way of life for many Southerners and almost all A frican Americans. Those who did not partake in this destructive lifestyle were still affected by the choices people made regarding slavery. Slaves were treated as property by virtually all whites living in the South, and some Northerners looked down on them. Huck witnesses slavery firsthand since Miss Watson owns slaves. Twain uses Huck to make decisions based on this hypocritical slave-owning, Christian lifestyle. Huck must choose to either aid a runaway slave named Jim or return him to Miss Watson, while the white society of the South would expect Huck to return Jim to Miss Watson. Huck and Jim s friendship makes this a significant decision because Huck is morally conflicted. Jim is his friend, but he is also the property of Miss Watson. An excerpt from Magill s Survey of American Literature puts the situation in a right perspective exclaiming â€Å"Jim is property before he is man, and Huck is deeply troubled, surprisingly, by the thought that he is going to help Jim, not only because he sees it, in part, as a robbery, but more interestingly, because he sees his cooperation as a betrayal of his obligation to theShow MoreRelatedMorality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican author Mark Twain was one of the most influential people of his time. Twain is perh aps best known for his traditional classic, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel about an adventurous boy named Huck Finn as he traverses about on the Mississippi. Under first impressions, Huckleberry Finn would be considered nothing but a children’s tale at heart written by the highly creative Mark Twain. However one interprets it, one can undoubtedly presume that Twain included personal accounts withinRead MoreEssay on Huckleberry Finn: Hypocrisy in â€Å"Civilized† Society713 Words   |  3 PagesLambert Kelsey Mrs. Gunn A.P. English Literature 6 18 December 2012 Huckleberry Finn: Hypocrisy in â€Å"Civilized† Society The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a sequel to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain illustrates the Southern states and slavery. Published in 1884, the novel focuses on the important issues that affected America. These issues included racism, slavery, civilization and greed. The book has become one of the most controversial books ever written. The controversy hasRead MoreMark Twains Critiques Of Society In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1274 Words   |  6 Pagescowardice and the cruelty of humanity is also present in another one of Twain’s most famous works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Throughout this novel, Twain passionately decries the immorality and corruption of society through the employment of rhetoric and themes. He utilizes irony to draw attention to the hypocrisy and self-righteousness of many Christians and the detrimental effects this hypocrisy can have on society. He implements pathos to highlight the greed and materialistic nature of hum anRead MoreThe Novel The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, By Mark Twain,1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is one of the most widely praised novels from that time period. In the novel, Huck Finn, the main character, embarks on an adventure to freedom along with his friend Jim. Both Huck and Jim are searching for freedom, but the types of freedom are extremely different. While Jim is hoping for freedom from slavery, Huck yearns for freedom from civilization and confinement. This is why Huck rejects civilization at the end of the novel. ThroughoutRead MoreThe American Concept Of Self Creation1647 Words   |  7 PagesAn individual assuming a new identity to avoid danger or ridding themselves of a past life, are two examples of the literary concept of Self-Creation. In Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, we see the main character undergo several examples of â€Å"self-creation† during the course of the story for various motivations including those mentioned above. Throughout Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character changes in identity for several reasons to include those in which he protects himselfRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain â€Å"When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign, that the dunces are all in confederacy against him.† - Jonathan Swift â€Å"Thoughts on Various Subjects, Moral and Diverting† In some works of literature, the main character often finds himself or herself in conflict with the social or moral values of his environment. Choose one novel or play of literary merit in which the character is at odds with the people around him or herRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2409 Words   |  10 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered one of the great American novels. Throughout the years, it has received critical attention from all sides. Revered by some and banned by others, there is no mistake that Mark Twain’s novel will always have a place in American history. In fact, another great American novelist—Ernest Hemingway—said this of Huck Finn: â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn.’ It’s the best book we’ve had. All AmericanRead MoreHuck Finn - Hypocrisy of Society Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesauthors view on any given subj ect. Although many people start to read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn thinking that it is a simple novel on a boys childhood, they soon come to realize that the author, Mark Twain, expresses his opinions on multiple important, political issues. Twain touches on subjects such as slavery, money and greed, society and civilization, and freedom. From the time of its publication, Huckleberry Finn has been distinguished as a novel with prodigious political positions andRead MoreOver time as people grow and learn new things, they develop morally. In the novel, â€Å"The Adventures1200 Words   |  5 PagesOver time as people grow and learn new things, they develop morally. In the novel, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, Mark Twain depicts society through the eyes of a young boy, and the reality that is thrown at him throughout his journey. Huck’s journey creates a clearer image of the morals that are part of everyday life, or as defined by Webster Dictionary, the â€Å"beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior.† The beginning of his journey starts off with a large part of Huck’sRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, is set roughly in the time period of 1835-1845. The setting is in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, which lies on the banks of the Mississippi River. The main characters of this novel are Huck Finn, Jim, and Tom Sawyer. Huck Finn is a very poor thirteen-year-old boy; his father is a drunk who often beats him. He is skeptical of the world he is living in, and he often questions what society has taught him. Overall, he represents what

A Comparison of Two Barbecue Restaurants Essay example

The Best Barbecue in the South Barbecue is one of my favorite foods. I have always enjoyed going into some greasy barbecue dive, listening to the blues, and feeling pretty cool. Two joints where I have eaten are Big Ds Piggy Strut Soul Pit Bar-B-Q in Clemson, South Carolina, and Hys Deli right across from the School campus. Even though both of these restaurants pride themselves on their barbecue, Big Ds is obviously the better. As I walked into the Piggy Strut for the first time, I immediately noticed the different atmosphere. The sign at the entrance said, Seat yourself if you want to eat here! As I looked around, I saw some fat guy in the corner really jamming on an electric guitar. (I later learned that was Big†¦show more content†¦I slid into my booth and ate in fear. This was nothing like eating at the Soul Pit. In my booth at Hys, I began to notice the decor. This place obviously had been decorated in the late 1930s. Besides the door-sized Marilyn Monroe poster, the only other ornamentation were posters of old western movies and the Bedtime for Breshnev poster featuring Ronald Reagan as a western ironman facing down the villainous Soviet premier. Big Ds was completely different. They had posters of rock groups, blues musicians, and famous pigs. I sat one afternoon at the Strut and read the posters for hours. At Hys I was sick of John Wayne after ten minutes. The obvious question in comparing two restaurants is which has the better food. The menu at Hys was pathetic. If you wanted to eat barbecue, you had to choose from only two selections: the sandwich plate and the barbecue plate. The first thing I noticed when the waitress brought out the food (besides her skin tight Chic jeans and the apron stolen from long John Silvers) was the extreme lack of barbecue. Both plates had plenty of potato salad, coleslaw, and curly-Q fries, but neither had enough barbecue to come close to filling me up. On the other hand, the Soul Pits menu was a three-pager. It ranged from the Big D side of pork and the Barbecue Chili to the Soul Pit Super Hot Beans and the Little D. The Little D was a barbecue sandwich about the size of a Krystal, and if you ordered fourShow MoreRelatedMcdonald s Organizational Structure And Management1605 Words   |  7 PagesMartina Velikova McDonald’s Organisational Structure and Management McDonald’s is a leading American hamburger and fast food restaurant chain. It is founded in 1940 as barbecue restaurant by Richard Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Mc Donald’s is in the hospitality industry, owning more than 30 000 restaurant units around the world. In 1948 the two brothers started using production-line principles in their practice, which up to now are core element of the company’s heart. ThanksRead MoreWhere Are You Going? Where Have You Been?1466 Words   |  6 Pagesyou been?†. 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The company is the leader in numerous market sectors which major capabilities was its ability to link multiple technologies in order to create innovative, highly original products. Pamp;GRead MoreProcter Gamble: the Pringles Launch1727 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame a truly global company investing in news companies and expanding its presence internationally. Around 1999 more than 300 brands in 140 countries generating total sales more than 38 billion dollars and provide jobs to 110,000 employees, investing two billion dollars (4.5% of total sales) to research and development. The company is the leader in numerous market sectors which major capabilities was its ability to link multiple technologies in order to create innovative, highly original products. Pamp;GRead MoreAmerica Is Considered The Melting Pot Of The World. This1342 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. This diverse nation is filled with many different ethnicities, cultures, and people with different backgrounds. 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Food served in fast food restaurants typically caters to a meat-sweet diet and is offered from a limited menu; is cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot;Read MoreGlobal Marketing Strategy - Standardization vs. Adaptation Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesWhen a geocentric attitude is adopted the company leads to become a geocentric company. [e.g.: In India, Dominos Pizza has introduced tandoori pizza, the core product(pizza) is the same but the flavours are locally adapted to appeal consumers] COMPARISON OF ETHNOCENTRIC, POLYCENTRIC AND GEOCENTRIC MODEL Each model uses standardization, adaptation or both in its gene. Ethnocentrism uses standardization. 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In 1948, they innovatively create production line principle to operate their hamburgerRead MoreProject on Mcdonalds Marketing Mix3972 Words   |  16 Pagesof  hamburger  fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.  Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by  Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using  production line  principles. Businessman  Ray Kroc  joined the company as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth. A McDonalds restaurant is operatedRead MoreAn Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels3636 Words   |  15 Pagesanomalies and other learnings, the authors have presented a few recommendations to Taj Group of Hotels . The final section of the report consists of a comparison with other hotels on a variety of factors including positioning and targeting, different types of product and service offerings, channels of distribution etc. The authors believe that such comparisons would be useful to a reader who is trying to gain a better understanding of the competitive environment of the Indian hotel sectors, as well as of

Major Economic Jolts Economical Uncertainty

Question: Describe about the Major Economic Jolts for Economical Uncertainty. Answer: Introduction: Global economy has come out from the cling of the financial downturn. Since 2008 a phase of financial impasse established its firm over global economy of first world countries confronted the phase of economical uncertainty at a great degree. The emerging situation causes massive job cut and withdrawal of investment worldwide. Fall of the market share deterred many company to opt for the withdrawal from any farther investment. Massive job cut and redundancy become unavoidable eventuality worldwide. Gradual recovery from this downturn was an intense challenges for all the countries specially the developed one. After recovering from that ordeal global economy started to confront a new problem of uncertainty. The concern doesnt delimit its presence within the periphery of economics it has expanded its presence in the political arena even the question of political orientation also become a plausible issue here. On the issue of global financial stability International Monetary Fund or IMF put stress on successful normalization. In their April financial report IMF has stated that the advanced economies have already overcome the problem and the countries are in the better state than previous time. At the same time IMF has stated the vulnerability of the emerging economies. On the issue of 27th June Australian financial defined the phase as collapse of Pax Americana. The question has been raise in the context of Brexit. British decision to depart from EU has kindle this question and asking for the relevance in the global context (Czarniawska-Joerges, and Sevn, 2005). Influence of the Bretton Woods Institutions Bretton Woods Institutions came into existence after Second World War. This International cooperation among the nation states was the cardinal objective of these institutions. IMF belongs to them. This organization is ready to offer the required support to the state that is suffering for the balance of payment crisis. Global history has witnessed Pax Americana as a replacement of Pax Britannia that ended in 1914 after commencement of First World War. The time after Second World War can be defined as American century (Layne, 2012). United States took the major responsibility to reconstruct the effected world through the Marshall plan. Marhall plan offers financial support to the effected countries for the reconstruction. Bretton Woods Institutions are the helping hand for the Pax Americana peace process. This process opposed any kind of radical development in the global political arena. Tyrannies to terrorism are falling under this criterion. Communism is the recalcitrant of this, opp osing totalitarian regime such communism is one of the cardinal trait of Pax Americana. Bretton Woods systems the product of this peace process. Contemporary global crunch and Brexit has been manifested as a plausible threat for it. The robustness of the Bretton Woods system only can offer the required assurance to the global order. In order to judge the effectiveness of this system it is important to point out the performance of IMF as a global economic Salvatore (Korotayev and Tsirel, 2010). In the April report 2015 IMF has declared that developed economies has already been overcome the pang of the global crunch but emerging economies are still in trouble. Some of these countries are suffering for domestic imbalance due to that shock the political atmosphere of those economies are also directly related with that imbalance condition. The process of transmitting shock is continuing to those emerging economies that directly effecting advanced economies, because those countries are th e target of that transmission. The influence of globalization is evident to the emerging economies. These countries have exposed themselves to the global economy and encouraging foreign direct investment in their economy is one of the major traits of these countries that is the reason they manifested as more susceptible to the global downturn. Economic vulnerability is getting emerged in this direction. Despite this imbalance IMF is still active to offer needed support to these economies. IMF already sanctioned three trillion dollar over borrowing to these emerging economies. Present crisis pointed out some noticeable gap in the financial architecture in of the advanced economies. Filling up this gap is one of the critical areas of those nations. The deficiency in market liquidity can make market more volatile. IMF report is indicating towards the less resilient status of the market liquidity. IMF emphasised on successful normalization policy for all the effected countries. This pro cess encourages normalization of financial condition and monitory policy according to IMF report the sustainable recovery can be possible due to this. Responsiveness of monitory policies of the key advanced economy is one of the mandatory traits determined by IMF. In the Euro zone banks are offering non performing loan and they are competent enough to tackle those. These are happening to back the policy adopted by the government in this regard. In the referendum of 2016 UK has adopt a clear and decisive stand against their involvement in European Union. The detachment of UK from the union has been defined as Brexit. Decision of Brexit will generate a profound impact in thye economy of that country as well as in the global economy (Reinhart and Rogoff, 2008). The decision is leading UK towards devaluation of the British national currency GBP, (figure 1.1) and also offering instability in the union itself, because as a salient member and second largest economy of EU Great Britain was carrying a conspicuous weight among the whole organization. As an impact of this detachment UK will lose its access to the well defined and organised European market. The investment in that country will gradually face decay. There will be a possibility of redundancy in the work force of that country. As a fifth largest economy of world UK can generate influence their economic impasse or downturn to the other developed countries. From that point of view it can be said the crisis will be very much associated with the host country and the countries depend up on that nation. The devaluation of GBP will generate impact over the emerging economy in a negative way, because the cost friendly atmosphere of those country helps them to work as service provider for UK it is the reason they are largely depend up on GBP (Oliver and Williams, 2016). But from European perspective it can be said that the devaluation of GBP will help Euro to gain more stability and reliability in the international ma rket. The political crisis may caused by Brexit will crisis of that country only rather crisis of world. The issue of Scottish liberation will not generate any impact in global political scenario rather it will be stability issue of that country alone. From that perspective it can be said Brexit will never generate any challenge to Pax Americana. As country Australia can retain usual relation of solidarity with UK and EU. Figure 1.1 Performance of global financial system: Global financial system incorporates all the elements that facilitates international flow of financial capital that gets involved in investment and financing of trade. International institution, international agreements, and different informal and formal economic players are the part of the system. In the yea of 2007-08 the system encountered a major jolt due to the global financial crisis .After 9/11 attack in WTC global trend of financial integration adopt a new trait, financial integration between developed and emerging economies got intensified. In the year 2009 present global financial system got another major jolt due to the Euro zone crisis. In that year Greece got a deficit of 12.7% of GDP. This deficit exceeded the maximum limit seated by Euro zone that is 3%. The contagious form of the crisis embraces Spain, Portugal, and Italy. In this situation a bailout need to get provided by EU and that amount was 750 billion Euro for all the effected countries. Economics and financial experts advised for political integration of the countries to prevent the aggravation of the situation. European financial stability facility got emerged due to the crisis as a Salvatore (Crotty, 2009). This organization is committed to provide support service to all the member state to overcome the debt problem. This is a special purpose vehicle or SPV managed by European investment bank. The exact nature of the crisis is very specific. All the countries under the union are not facing the crisis rather it got emerged from the one economy and generate a contagion effect over others states. In contemporary period the issue of Brexit generates another concern to the global economy. The concern generated due to the possibility of contagious effect of British detachment over other member states of EU. Euro sceptic in the different countries has defined EU as sinking ship the voice are rising against EU from different corner. The uncertainty is emerging in two different poll at the same time. Devaluation of GBP is making investor deter from invest farther in UK at the same time Euro sceptic move of different member states are also offering concern EU investors. The uncertainty is getting clouded everywhere. Position of US dollar: US dollar is in the apex of its performance since last 12 years. Competitiveness of the American product is increasing day by day. Falling of GBP uncertainty of Euro zone political uncertainty in UK is giving more space to USA to show its credibility. Appreciation of US dollar is offering opportunity to the emerging economy and other Asian countries such as Japan is gaining competitive advantage through the foreign exchange reserve (Kilian, 2008). The concern is getting emerge for the raise of China. The country is offering more space to the public enterprises and the demand of the product and service is getting increase to the common mass day by day. The country has the infrastructure to invite investment from the developed nations. But the cardinal issue in this regard is socio political condition of the country. China is governed by autocratic communist government (Epstein, 2005). The country does not offer space for individual freedom and the freedom of speech. The tyrannical att itude of the administration cannot offer any comfort to the individual enterprise. Therefore it can be said that Chinese currency cannot be equivalent to US at any point of time in the near or distant future. As democratic continent Australia need to maintain good relationship with all the proximate threat, but for tread and commerce it need to put stress on the Euro American atmosphere because Pax Americana is ensuring the certitude for western civilization and western value system in the global context. Reference Layne, C., 2012. This time its real: The end of unipolarity and the Pax Americana. International Studies Quarterly, 56(1), pp.203-213. Czarniawska-Joerges, B. and Sevn, G. eds., 2005. Global ideas: how ideas, objects and practices travel in a global economy (Vol. 13). Copenhagen Business School Press. Korotayev, A.V. and Tsirel, S.V., 2010. A spectral analysis of world GDP dynamics: Kondratieff waves, Kuznets swings, Juglar and Kitchin cycles in global economic development, and the 20082009 economic crisis. Structure and Dynamics, 4(1). Reinhart, C.M. and Rogoff, K.S., 2008. Is the 2007 US sub-prime financial crisis so different? An international historical comparison (No. w13761). National Bureau of Economic Research. Oliver, T. and Williams, M.J., 2016. Special relationships in flux: Brexit and the future of the USEU and USUK relationships. International Affairs, 92(3), pp.547-567. Crotty, J., 2009. Structural causes of the global financial crisis: a critical assessment of the new financial architecture. Cambridge journal of economics, 33(4), pp.563-580. Kilian, L., 2008. Exogenous oil supply shocks: how big are they and how much do they matter for the US economy?. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(2), pp.216-240. Epstein, G.A. ed., 20A05. Financialization and the world economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Retention in Schools

Retention is the process of holding back students in their previous grade especially those who have failed to meet the set requirement of the institution they are learning in.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Retention in Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The students are normally forced to do the same grade again: that which they had covered the year before (Shepard Smith 2009). There are however both negative and positive effects of retaining students. Some of the negative effects include: social-emotional problems, school dropout, and poor academic achievements in the long run. Positive effects includes: it gives the students the chance to learn again and gain new skills and knowledge that they had not obtained in the previous academic year. This paper explains whether retention work in schools today taking into consideration both the positive and negative effects of retention process Many at times, schools and teachers advocate for retention of some students because of they think that the child is still young, when a child have limited academic skills, they have poor language skills, they are not mature enough to handle the next grade and if the student miss classes frequently. For a long period of time, retention has been debatable on whether to implement it in schools or not. Extreme research has been conducted on potential alternatives that can be used in place of retention. It has however been found that retention is of no benefit to a child and there are high chances that it will have many negative effects on the child.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A study was conducted whereby students who had poor academic skills were combined in the same class with those students who were repeating their grade. After some period of time, they graded them based on th eir performance and compared them to their previous performances. The results showed that all the students in this class experienced relatively high test scores after retention during their first study year but in year two, three and four, their performance score was poor (Pawlas Olivia 2007). This clearly shows that there are no benefits obtained in retaining students and it proves that retention does not work. However, researchers still believe that later on retention might prove to be effective. In addition to being expensive, there are no academic benefits or advantages obtained from retention. This is because it does not add any value to the students. The academic performances of those students who had repeat was poor as compared to that of those other students who had been promoted. However, educators still continue with the procedure of retaining weak students even after retention has proved to be ineffective. Today, retention is still a major approach used by teachers with a hope and intention that it will cure their academic problems and failures. The practice of retention has persisted even after literature and research proved that it brings no benefit nor add any value to students when it comes to personal adjustment and achievement instead retention had proved to be of harm to the students.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Retention in Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to a study conducted on the impacts of retention on individual achievements and student’s perception and attitude towards education, they found that retention had much greater negative effects on individual achievements and student’s perception and attitude towards education (Pawlas Olivia 2007). Students who are retained will find hard time adjusting themselves to accommodate or fit in the new group of students. It is not always easy to make new friends. There is also s hame that comes with being left behind which normally lead to low self-esteem. Retention makes students feel that they are failures even if that is not the case. Having low self-esteem may lead to failure and that is why parents and teachers should look for the best way of helping out the child instead of retaining them back. Students usually consider retention as the most stressful event in their life time because they will have to deal with the shame and making of new friends. Most students especially those who have been retained but had average grades usually feel much more devastated and may lose focus and even interest in education. Retention always gives students negative attitude towards school especially if they have been retained for more than two academic years. Some students who have been retained usually drop out of school. This therefore means that retention is one major factor that leads students out of school. Students who have been retained but continue failing may b ecome more devastated with education. They will develop the feeling of not being capable hence work out of school. Older students may become bad influence to the younger children.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The younger children may also be at risk especially if the older child who has been retained is a bully. This means that there will be no peace in the class which may lead to poor academic performance. There is however some positive effects of retention on students and they include: it gives the students the chance to learn and gain new skills and knowledge that they had not obtained in the previous academic year. Researchers believe that if retention process is presented correctly, it can help students obtain a positive attitude of I can do it which will help them achieve better grades/scores in their next academic year (Shepard Smith 2009). Promoting students without good academic groundwork may make them feel uncomfortable and mad. This will destroy their chance to cope with their studies since the next academic level will be more challenging to them. There is however no need of retaining students if it does not work or bring any form of benefits to them. The best thing that par ents, students and teachers should do is to look for the best alternative that will enable the student obtain better performance outcome. One best alternative that can be used is to ensure that students have encounters with pre-kindergarten. Children who go to school late shall have missed one academic year of study into kindergarten. Research however shows that those students who join school late when they are older are less likely to be retained in future and they will have fewer problems with school subjects. Head Start Programs can also help students improve their social skills, learning skills and good health status. Social promotion enables students to operate at the level where they feel comfortable. This normally enables the students to perform well in academics. Accelerated Schools Project, Success for All and Reading Recovery Program are some alternatives that can be used since they help diminish the chances of retaining students (Thomas 1992). Success for All provides stu dents with the right resources that will enable them learn faster and be on time. On the other hand, Reading Recovery Program mainly focus on enabling students learn how to read. It actually supports students during the period in which they learn how to read. Lastly, Accelerated Schools Project catalyzes the pace at which students get to learn and obtain instructions from their teachers. This will enable them to be fast learners. There are some people who however blame teachers for the retention process. They claim that teachers and principals in schools have lacked will to stay focused and committee themselves to adapting instructional and curriculum practices to students with different leaning capacity. There are some schools that often overlook the progress of some students instead focus more on their own failures. Some people however blame standardized testing that have been set by schools to have caused retention. This is because those set standards determines and declares stud ents who are unprepared to move to the next class. There are some institutions with higher standards which normally declare a large group of students to retain the class. This mode of testing the students is always biased especially those from the middle-class in America. In conclusion, it is well evident that retention does not work but instead it cause more harm to children than help. There is however no need of retaining students if it does not work or bring any form of benefits to them. Students who are retained are normally stressed: they find it hard to adjust themselves to accommodate or fit in the new group of students. Retention always gives students negative attitude towards school. Retention destroys the self-esteem of students: it makes them feel that they are failures. Retention is a stressful event for students. References Pawlas, G. Olivia, P. (2007). Supervision for Today’s Schools. New York: Wiley Publishers. Shepard, L. Smith, M. (2009). Flunking Grades: R esearch and Policies on Retention. London: The Falmer Press. Thomas, A. (1992). Alternatives to Retention: If Flunking Doesn’t Work, What Does? Oregon: Oregon School Study Council. This critical writing on Retention in Schools was written and submitted by user Nola West to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.